WingHopper · Designer · Guide · Sections · Reef · Methods · Pricing · FAQ

Twist

Twist is each section's pitch angle along the half-span, often a touch positive at the root, washing out (negative) toward the tip.

• Root twist: section pitch angle at the wing root (center).
• Tip twist: section pitch angle at the wing tip. Negative is washout (tip twisted leading-edge down).

Set the root and tip angles, pick a distribution, then fine-tune by dragging points on the graph or editing them in the list. Shift-click a graph point to remove it. The wing geometry follows whatever distribution you build.

Distributions

• Linear: a straight blend from root angle to tip angle.
• Horten: roughly the bell-shaped (Prandtl) washout; a recognisable starting shape to refine on the graph.
• Tip washout: holds the root angle flat, then washes out only over the outer span.

More washout

Measured by taking 2° more (Increase) or 2° less (Decrease) washout at the tip:

Washout moves lift inboard, so the root bending moment and tip flex fall with more of it. In these models span efficiency and best glide fall with it too.

Next: Wingtip